過去簡單式
測驗您的知識過去簡單式的作用
過去簡單式用來談論以前完成的動作。持續多久並不重要，動作的發生時間可能是不久之前或很久以前。
舉例
- John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
- My father died last year.
- He lived in Fiji in 1976.
- We crossed the Channel yesterday.
每當談到某事發生的時間，一律要用過去簡單式；因此它和過去特定的時間詞有關。
-
頻率：often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school. -
明確的時間點：last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night - 不明確的時間點：the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago.
- She played the piano when she was a child.
註：「ago」這個字非常好用，可以表達現在到過去的時間有多長。ago 一律放在一段時間之後：a week ago、three years ago、a minute ago 等。
要注意：也許在您的母語中，也有與英語的過去簡單式類似的時態；但意思上不見得相同。
過去簡單式的構成
規則動詞在過去簡單式的型態
| 肯定句 | ||
| 主詞 | + 動詞原型 + ed | |
| I | skipped. | |
| 否定句 | ||
| 主詞 | + did not | + 不帶有 to 的不定詞 |
| They | didn't | go. |
| 疑問句 | ||
| Did | + 主詞 | + 不帶有 to 的不定詞 |
| Did | she | arrive? |
| 否定疑問句 | ||
| Did not | + 主詞 | + 不帶有 to 的不定詞 |
| Didn't | you | play? |
to walk
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|---|
| I walked | I didn't walk | Did I walk? |
| You walked | You didn't walk | Did you walk? |
| He walked | He didn't walk | Did he walk? |
| We walked | We didn't walk | Did we walk? |
| They walked | They didn't walk | Did they walk? |
to be、to have、to do 的過去簡單式
| 主詞 | 動詞 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Be | Have | Do | |
| I | was | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| He/She/It | was | had | did |
| We | were | had | did |
| You | were | had | did |
| They | were | had | did |
關於肯定句、否定句和疑問句句型的小筆記
肯定句
過去簡單式的肯定句非常簡單。
- I was in Japan last year
- She had a headache yesterday.
- We did our homework last night.
否定句和疑問句
「do」為一般動詞，在過去簡單式中，否定句和疑問句會用到助動詞「do」。例如：We didn't do our homework last night.
在過去簡單式的「have」否定型態，通常會以助動詞「do」構成，但有時候只要加「not」或縮寫「n't」即可。
在過去簡單式的「have」疑問型態，一般會用助動詞「do」。
舉例
- They weren't in Rio last summer.
- We didn't have any money.
- We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
- We didn't do our exercises this morning.
- Were they in Iceland last January?
- Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
- Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
註：對於所有過去簡單式的動詞，在否定型態和疑問型態上，一律用助動詞「did」。
過去簡單式的不規則動詞
過去簡單式有幾個不規則動詞，以下是幾個最常用的不規則動詞。
to go
- He went to a club last night.
- Did he go to the cinema last night?
- He didn't go to bed early last night.
to give
- We gave her a doll for her birthday.
- They didn't give John their new address.
- Did Barry give you my passport?
to come
- My parents came to visit me last July.
- We didn't come because it was raining.
- Did he come to your party last week?