關係子句在句中並不是不可或缺的元素,純粹是增添句子的意義,就算去掉了子句,剩下的句子在文法上仍不受影響。關係子句有兩種——非限定子句和限定子句,您務必要了解這兩者的區別,因為它會決定該用哪個關係代名詞來引導子句。在「介系詞在關係子句中的位置」這一頁中,會有詳細的說明。
限定子句
當我們在一句話中同時提及多個人事物時,限定子句會表明我們指的是何者。如果限定關係子句從句中移除,就會大大地改變了整句話的意思。限定關係子句不會用逗號或括號來與主要子句隔開。
舉例
- The woman who visited me in the hospital was very kind.
- The umbrella that I bought last week is already broken.
- The man who stole my backpack has been arrested.
- The weather that we had this summer was beautiful.
瞭解如何正確地使用限定關係子句。
非限定子句
非限定子句的作用,是對句中論及的人事物給予額外的資訊。如果非限定關係子句從句中移除,句子的整體意思並未改變,頂多少了點資訊。非限定子句一般會用逗號或括號來與主要子句隔開。
舉例
- The farmer, whose name was Fred, sold us 10 pounds of potatoes.
- Elephants, which are the largest land mammals, live in herds of 10 or more adults.
- The author, who graduated from the same university I did, gave a wonderful presentation.
- My mother, who is 86, lives in Paris.
瞭解如何正確使用非限定關係子句。