過去完成式
測驗您的知識過去完成式的作用
過去完成式涉及稍久以前發生的事，可以清楚表達某件事比另一件事還要早發生。哪件事先被提及並不重要——時態自然會表明哪件事先發生。
在這些例句中，「事件一」最早發生，而「事件二」後來才發生，或是不久前才發生：
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| John had gone out | when I arrived in the office. |
| 事件一 | 事件二 |
| I had saved my document | before the computer crashed. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| When they arrived | we had already started cooking. |
| 事件二 | 事件一 |
| He was very tired | because he hadn't slept well. |
過去完成式的構成
英語中的過去完成式是由兩個要素形成：動詞 have 的過去式 had + 主要動詞的過去分詞。
| 主詞 | had | 過去分詞 |
|---|---|---|
| 肯定句 | ||
| She | had | given. |
| 否定句 | ||
| She | hadn't | asked. |
| 疑問句 | ||
| Had | they | arrived? |
| 否定疑問句 | ||
| Hadn't | you | finished? |
過去完成式，以 to decide 為例：
| 肯定句 | 否定句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|---|
| I had decided. | I hadn't decided. | Had I decided? |
| You had decided. | You hadn't decided. | Had you decided? |
| She had decided. | She hadn't decided. | Had she decided? |
| We had decided. | We hadn't decided. | Had we decided? |
| They had decided. | They hadn't decided. | Had they decided? |
在過去完成式用「just」
「just」用於過去完成式時，涉及某個動作比剛才再稍早一點發生。例如：
- The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
- She had just left the room when the police arrived.
- I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.