地方副詞

地方副詞會透露某事發生的大約位置,一般會放在主要動詞之後,或者是該副詞修飾的語句後。地方副詞並不會修飾形容詞或其他副詞。

舉例
  • John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.
  • I searched everywhere I could think of.
  • I'm going back to school.
  • Come in!
  • They built a house nearby.
  • She took the child outside.

「這裡」和「那裡」

here 和 there 是常見的地方副詞,會透露出與講話者的距離。當這類副詞與行進動詞一起使用時,here 有「朝向講話者」、「和講話者一起」之意;而 there 有「遠離講話者」、「沒有和講話者一起」之意 。

例句 意思
Come here! 向我走過來。
The table is in here. 跟我一起來,我們會一起去看到它。
Put it there. 把它放到遠離我的地方。
The table is in there. 走進去;你會自己看到。

here 和 there 會與介系詞搭配使用,形成許多常見的副詞片語。

舉例
  • What are you doing up there?
  • Come over here and look at what I found!
  • The baby is hiding down there under the table.
  • I wonder how my driver's license got stuck under here.

當句子以驚嘆號結尾,或是需要做出強調語氣時,here 和 there 就會放在句首。如果主詞是名詞,句型會是副詞 + 動詞 + 主詞;但如果主詞是代名詞,句型就會是副詞 + 代名詞 + 動詞

舉例
  • Here comes the bus!
  • There goes the bell!
  • There it is!
  • Here they are!

可用作介系詞的地方副詞

許多地方副詞也可以用作介系詞。當它被用為介系詞的時候,後面就必須接一個名詞。

字詞 用作地方副詞,修飾動詞 用作介系詞
around The marble rolled around in my hand. I am wearing a necklace around my neck.
behind Hurry! You are getting behind. Let's hide behind the shed.
down Mary fell down. John made his way carefully down the cliff.
in We decided to drop in on Jake. I dropped the letter in the mailbox.
off Let's get off at the next stop. The wind blew the flowers off the tree.
on We rode on for several more hours. Please put the books on the table.
over He turned over and went back to sleep. I think I will hang the picture over my bed.

以 where 結尾的地方副詞

以 where 結尾的地方副詞表達出位置的概念,而非特指一個地點或方向。

舉例
  • I would like to go somewhere warm for my vacation.
  • Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here?
  • I have nowhere to go.
  • I keep running in to Sally everywhere!

以 wards 結尾的地方副詞

以 wards 結尾的地方副詞表達某個動作以特定方向移動。

舉例
  • Cats don't usually walk backwards.
  • The ship sailed westwards.
  • The balloon drifted upwards.
  • We will keep walking homewards until we arrive.

要注意:towards 是介系詞,而不是副詞;因此它的後面一律要接名詞或代名詞。

舉例
  • He walked towards the car.
  • She ran towards me.

表達動作和地點的地方副詞

有些地方副詞可以同時表達動作和地點。

舉例
  • The child went indoors.
  • He lived and worked abroad.
  • Water always flows downhill.
  • The wind pushed us sideways.