地方副詞會透露某事發生的大約位置,一般會放在主要動詞之後,或者是該副詞修飾的語句後。地方副詞並不會修飾形容詞或其他副詞。
舉例
- John looked around but he couldn't see the monkey.
- I searched everywhere I could think of.
- I'm going back to school.
- Come in!
- They built a house nearby.
- She took the child outside.
「這裡」和「那裡」
here 和 there 是常見的地方副詞,會透露出與講話者的距離。當這類副詞與行進動詞一起使用時,here 有「朝向講話者」、「和講話者一起」之意;而 there 有「遠離講話者」、「沒有和講話者一起」之意 。
例句 | 意思 |
---|---|
Come here! | 向我走過來。 |
The table is in here. | 跟我一起來,我們會一起去看到它。 |
Put it there. | 把它放到遠離我的地方。 |
The table is in there. | 走進去;你會自己看到。 |
here 和 there 會與介系詞搭配使用,形成許多常見的副詞片語。
舉例
- What are you doing up there?
- Come over here and look at what I found!
- The baby is hiding down there under the table.
- I wonder how my driver's license got stuck under here.
當句子以驚嘆號結尾,或是需要做出強調語氣時,here 和 there 就會放在句首。如果主詞是名詞,句型會是副詞 + 動詞 + 主詞;但如果主詞是代名詞,句型就會是副詞 + 代名詞 + 動詞。
舉例
- Here comes the bus!
- There goes the bell!
- There it is!
- Here they are!
可用作介系詞的地方副詞
許多地方副詞也可以用作介系詞。當它被用為介系詞的時候,後面就必須接一個名詞。
字詞 | 用作地方副詞,修飾動詞 | 用作介系詞 |
---|---|---|
around | The marble rolled around in my hand. | I am wearing a necklace around my neck. |
behind | Hurry! You are getting behind. | Let's hide behind the shed. |
down | Mary fell down. | John made his way carefully down the cliff. |
in | We decided to drop in on Jake. | I dropped the letter in the mailbox. |
off | Let's get off at the next stop. | The wind blew the flowers off the tree. |
on | We rode on for several more hours. | Please put the books on the table. |
over | He turned over and went back to sleep. | I think I will hang the picture over my bed. |
以 where 結尾的地方副詞
以 where 結尾的地方副詞表達出位置的概念,而非特指一個地點或方向。
舉例
- I would like to go somewhere warm for my vacation.
- Is there anywhere I can find a perfect plate of spaghetti around here?
- I have nowhere to go.
- I keep running in to Sally everywhere!
以 wards 結尾的地方副詞
以 wards 結尾的地方副詞表達某個動作以特定方向移動。
舉例
- Cats don't usually walk backwards.
- The ship sailed westwards.
- The balloon drifted upwards.
- We will keep walking homewards until we arrive.
要注意:towards 是介系詞,而不是副詞;因此它的後面一律要接名詞或代名詞。
舉例
- He walked towards the car.
- She ran towards me.
表達動作和地點的地方副詞
有些地方副詞可以同時表達動作和地點。
舉例
- The child went indoors.
- He lived and worked abroad.
- Water always flows downhill.
- The wind pushed us sideways.